This is a illustration of a section through Brothers volcano showing the evolution of the hydrothermal systems there. Initially, the NW caldera site was formed, followed by the emplacement of the volcanic cone in the southern part of the caldera where a second hydrothermal field was formed, which has a lot of gases originating from the magma below eventually finding their way to the seafloor and being expelled. de Ronde et al., 2005, Evolution of a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system: Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, v. 100, p. 1097-1133.
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